Magic and mysterious city, Volterra has its roots in three thousand years of history. Of the Etruscan period are the walls, the Gate Arch, the Necropolis of Marmini and all the enchanting artifacts that are now preserved in the Museo Etrusco Guarnacci, one of the richest d 'Italy. There is also a famous legacy of the Roman era, which is the theater of Vallebuona, a must see, lying at the foot of the city. But the overall impact returns the typical image of the medieval town, with its narrow streets, lanes cakes, red brick pavement, towers towering over the houses, squares that open to surprise by a network of roads .

During the summer Volterra turns into one of the most brilliant stage of Europe thanks to the event "Volterra Teatro" who, with his bill full of performances and events will allow you to enjoy a holiday full of not only relax, but also of stimulants moments of cultural encounter.

The proper way to discover Volterra is to be guided by instinct turning freely. Glimpses, churches and squares will not take long to make his way in front of your eyes in disbelief, followed by pleasant encounters with craft shops (especially alabaster and leather) series and characters from sympathy throughout Tuscany. Whatever route you choose you will find yourself always in Piazza dei Priori with the nose to look at the facades of the Palazzo dei Priori and the apse of the Cathedral. It'll probably end up like everyone else, for a view down over the Gate Arch on the lookout overlooking breathtaking suit the hill.

The International Festival of Theatre of Volterra is held in July.

Proposes a mixed programming that includes theater, music, dance, video, poetry and is open to other initiatives that are not strictly theatrical humanitarian.

 

In July, we also take theater performances in the towns of Volterra, whose billboard is always available at the organization's "Volterra Teatro"

Peccioli

Pomarance

Castelnuovo Val di Cecina

Montecatini Val di Cecina

Monteverdi Maritime

 

The artistic director of the festival is Armando Punzo.

The organization is at your disposal at the following addresses

E-mail: carteblanche@iol.it

E-mail theater festival: volterrateatro@libero.it

Who gets to Volterra in the first days of July can contact the organizers at the office set up in the Piazza dei Priori.

 

Things to see in Volterra

Piazza dei Priori, Palazzo dei Priori, Porta d'Arco, Palazzo Viti, Duomo, Baptistery, Via Ricciarelli, Via Buonparenti, Guarnacci Etruscan Museum, Fortress Archaeological area Vallebuona.

helped make it unique in the cities. Of the Etruscan period are the walls, the imposing Gate Arch, the necropolis of Marmini and numerous archaeological finds in the Museum Guarnacci, the Shadow of the Evening, with its unique profile, the urns, the finely crafted jewelry . The Theatre of Vallebona, of the Augustan age is the importance of Volterra under Roman domination.

But it comes from the Middle Ages that the structure of the city that we find, not only in the walls, the inner one, but also in the urban layout, with its narrow streets, its palaces, tower houses and churches.

The Renaissance Volterra up substantially, but without altering the medieval atmosphere. From this period are the superb palaces of Minucci Solaini Dating-screws, Inghirami, input the Medieval city, the imposing Medici Fortress, the monastery of San Girolamo

Volterra is a city of museums. In addition to the Etruscan Museum there is the Pinacoteca Civica, with a fine collection of Sienese and Florentine schools, including the "Deposition from the Cross" by Rosso Fiorentino. The Cathedral Museum has an important collection of gold fourteenth-century sculptures of the Sienese school, miniatures.

The alabaster craft, moreover, that has woven its story

with that of the city, is another point of great interest. And while visiting the numerous exhibitions and workshops of snooping around the city you will be able to breathe a bit 'of that magical atmosphere surrounding Volterra.

But there's only art and history. The surrounding area is rich in natural beauty and landscapes that offer the visitor opportunities for excursions on foot, on horseback, by bicycle along miles of marked trails to discover unique places and caratteristiciVolterra is also famous for its gastronomic specialties of the Tuscan tradition and for its warm hospitality that is able to offer to every type of tourist with its numerous hotels, farms, apartments, equipped with a campground and a modern hostel.

During the summer also cultural events, such as VolterraTeatro, concerts of classical and modern music, art exhibitions and folklore events allow guests to have a holiday full of relaxation and tranquility not only, but also of stimulating moments of cultural encounter

The Alta Val di Cecina, in the municipalities of Castelnuovo Val di Cecina, Montecatini Val di Cecina and Volterra Pomarance, it is bounded to the west by the Cornia Valley and the lower Val di Cecina, north of the Val d'Era, for east by the Val d'Elsa and south by the Metalliferous Hills. It has a rich heritage of historical, artistic, archaeological and landscape almost to constitute a "unique" in Tuscany has inspired many writers, poets and painters such as Rosa, Stendhal, Lawrence, Dennis, Corot, D'Annunzio and Cassola.

Indeed, in addition to the testimony of ancient Etruscan, Roman, Medieval and Renaissance spread throughout the country and stored mainly in Volterra, a city of art and cultural center of the entire valley, the Val di Cecina shows a rich variety of landscapes ranging from metalliferous hills wooded areas such as forests Berignone-Tatti and Monterufoli, by the Mediterranean, the landscape of the "hills of Volterra" consists of gullies, crags and hills from the gentle slope.

On the eastern slopes of Poggio La Croce is Montecatini Val di Cecina the old Monteleone, dominated by a tower, at whose feet lies the village with the typical features of the medieval center built around the representative elements of political and religious power that are identified the praetorian palace with an elegant portico and in the fourteenth century church of S. Biagio.

Montegemoli is characterized by the emerging structure of the castle with its round tower and its Renaissance style.

Pomarance preserves important vestiges of its ancient past as the Gate and the Gate of Casale Orciolina of the fourteenth-century walls, the church of S. With paintings by Giovanni Roncalli, the Cercignani and dell'Ademollo, the Praetorian Palace and the palaces of Pucci, Bicocchi, Bardini, De Larderei.

Montecastelli is characterized by a massive square tower of the Middle Ages and the Romanesque church of SS. Philip and James (XIII) with three naves with figured capitals. In the vicinity of the cemetery, is the Buca delle Fate, an underground Etruscan sec. VI BC

In S. Dalmazio interesting are the remains of medieval walls with two gates that surround the village from the almost circular shape and the Romanesque church which houses a terracotta tabernacle from the workshop of Luca della Robbia.

Nearby are the ruins of the Rocca Sillana.

Montecerboli also has the circular form of an ancient castle with medieval village.

Castelnuovo Val di Cecina is surrounded by a beautiful forest and retains its urban form "cluster" where you can distinguish the different phases of expansion.

Sasso Pisano is built around its oldest part of the castle on the highest point of the site.

Serrazzano, interesting from a planning point of view, it preserves the view of urban, retains the medieval period two gates of the walls and traces of foundation walls to the shoe, as well as the church of S. Donato presenting within interesting Gothic vaults and the lovely Romanesque church of S. Antonio.

A square tower and the church of S. Martino characterize the village of Sassa, while to the right, on a rocky outcrop rises Querceto, interesting for all of the buildings that make up the villa castle and the beautiful church of S. John.

To the historical and artistic treasures of the Val di Cecina combines the richness of its endogenous products. The alabaster, with which products are made of fine crafts, rock salt, extracted in the industries of Saline di Volterra, and the heat of the geysers that is used in thermal power plants at Larderello, typical industrial center with the church designed by Michelucci and an interesting museum of Geothermal Energy.

Ponteginori, built in 1919 by the company Solvay, is in Val di Cecina a unique example of industrial village typical of the mining areas of northern Europe.

Libbiano, Micciano, Lustignano and La Leccia built on hillocks still attest to the urban form of the ancient origin castle.

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The sea and the wonderful beaches, the plan thriving and fertile, the gentle hills, the charming towns and the beautiful mountains of gleaming white marble, fused together in a harmonious incomparable harmony, form one of the most attractive and exclusive districts of Italy , Versilia.

It covers an area of ​​about 165 square kilometers, the coast, sandy and shallow, extends for 20 km, and its mountains reach heights of 1800 m and beyond.

And 'bounded on the north by the mouth of Cinquale, east from the ridge of the Alps, south of Massaciucoli Lake and west by the Tyrrhenian Sea.

The territory is divided, for the Versilia, in the towns of Pietrasanta, Forte dei Marmi, Seravezza and Stazzema, while for the remainder, in the municipalities of Camaiore Camaiore and Viareggio. All of them belong administratively to the province of Lucca. The historical Versilia remained belonging to the Diocese of Pisa as opposed to Camaiore, Viareggio and Camaiore that are part of the Lucca

The territory is made fertile by a dense network of rivers and canals that cross it, the most important (which gives the area its name), was born from the confluence of the Serra and Vezza and flows into the sea near the Cinquale after a tortuous path of 15 km.

Along the coast, a few meters from the sea, you will find countless pine forests that stretch for miles. Perhaps the most famous, the Versiliana park (80 hectares) is located in Marina di Pietrasanta and was made famous by some poems of the poet bard G. D'Annunzio, who stayed there and was inspired.

In the pinewoods, in general, focus many recreational activities: horseback riding, golf, tennis, cycling, rides, picnic areas, etc. ..

Pietrasanta, located about 3 km away. from the sea, is historically the capital city of the Versilia.

Known as "Little Athens" because of artistic and cultural riches, is made even more interesting by the district that is ideal for excursions full of history and charm.

The village riparian (Marina di Pietrasanta) divided between Fiumetto,

Tonfano, Focette and Motrone, offers a peaceful stay to even the most demanding of tourists

Forte dei Marmi, with its local shops and high-class, was able to select an elite tourism and is one of the most exclusive and fashionable tourist destinations of the Riviera. Walking through its streets or attending the premises is not at all difficult to meet VIP or celebrity.

The municipalities of Seravezza and Stazzema, a few kilometers from the sea, in the slope of the Alps, form the Alta Versilia. Reduced costs, tranquility, climate offshore are the trump cards to accommodate a growing tourism.

Camaiore, with the vastness of its territory (the town that does the largest province in Italy), is able to vary the offer for its many tourists who can choose whether to stay near the sea or inland.

Viareggio, thanks to the characteristic art nouveau buildings is called "The Pearl of the Tyrrhenian" and is best known for its Carnival which takes place in the winter and attracts tourists from all over Italy and abroad.

Thus she is, though improperly, such as the capital city of the Versilia. To make it even more note contribute the shipyards from which come some of the most elegant ships on the high seas. Massarosa, located in the hinterland has characteristics very different landscape and culture than the coastal areas. In these places, where you have news of human settlements dating back to the Paleolithic period, the tourist has the feeling of being in an oasis typically Tuscan. The presence of Lake Massaciuccoli - the "dear bump" by Giacomo Puccini and-beautiful and enchanting landscapes, verdant hills covered with vineyards and olive groves, sublime panoramic views, all enriched by fantastic cuisine, making the area a popular destination for tourists eager to avoid the most chaotic life of the Riviera.

It frames the Versilia, the Apuan Alps park in which are possible guided tours, mountaineering, trekking or stays in the many shelters.

There the visitor can fully merge with the landscape.

On these mountains, where people are more genuine, where time seems to pass more slowly, where peace reigns with an almost mystical traditions are hiding more railways and, looking towards the sea, you can make it truly realize located in an authentic corner of Paradise

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Great interest is the island boat trip and excursion opportunities. The Lagoon is a lake of uncertain origin along the crest of Monte Castello, at an altitude of 321 meters (6 km from the town). Its size is variable depending on the season and in the spring there blooms aquatic vegetation including buttercups.

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Characteristic village perched on a rocky ridge surrounded by greenery. Its unique location allows a pleasant stay, where the fresh air of the hill is softened by the proximity of the sea. Numerous and well-equipped accommodation, especially in the countryside, offer hospitality for a relaxing climate

 

The territory of Sassetta is a rare beauty and never predictable, the woods surrounding the medieval village, comprised mainly of chestnut and oak, are full of charm and mystery, a singular fascination linked to the quality of this area beautiful and at the same time rough and uneven terrain. This is perhaps the aspect that best characterizes Sassetta and its surroundings, a wild beauty almost primitive. The town is located on spurs of red marble retains traces of centuries of history. Many were the powerful who took turns to exercise the power of Sassetta, the oldest of which were the Corn family of Pisa Orlandi who dominated in these places for about four centuries. In 1405 Sassetta followed the fate of many castles close to her, in fact, passed under the power of Florence when the family of the Gherardesca, which in those years exercised rights to the castle, he accepted the act of submission to the Florentine Republic. The old town, dominated by the castle, is formed from a continuous web of narrow streets and alleys at the end of which often give wonderful views that give a strong feeling of serenity and peace, and that make Sassetta the ideal place to find a natural dimension that more and more we risk losing

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The Etruscan Coast, its hills, its headlands, are the places where you can find Castiglioncello, suspended between the white beaches, cliffs carved by the wind, medieval villages, bays, creeks and hills of the Mediterranean. On the beach you are in the shade of the pines, junipers accompany you from the rocks, the oaks are just a step away from the sea.

Between sea and nature in short, winding path that leads to small architectural treasures, artistic, kept between the folds of this beloved land by the Etruscans who have littered with important evidence.

Castiglioncello is the pearl of the Etruscan Coast, an enchanted rediscovered over the centuries, even after the Etruscans, Romans, by noble Florentines in the Medieval Age, politicians of all the 900, by poets which D'Annunzio is the most known as Great directors, actors, writers and so forth.

The '50s and '60s saw Castiglioncello protagonist of the first order of the phenomena of renewal mundane and customs of our Italian, important films of our cinematic history were here the first stirrings, there is the famous character in those years has not passed for Castiglioncello. I deliberately postponed the presence of Painters Macchiaioli, the Impressionists Italian, that from the second half of 1800 attended continuously witnessed by the works named this promontory in Castiglioncello, coming to give life to the School of Painting in Castiglioncello. Not by chance Castiglioncello lent itself to provide the basis of observation of those Mediterranean colors-Tuscan Italian Impressionism was trying to customize taking the cue from the bottom of the main European schools.

 

A part of the deal which Painters Macchiaioli Edward Borrani, Giovanni Costa, Giovanni Fattori, Signorini, Giuseppe Abbati, Vincenzo Cabianca, Peter Sense, Ugo Manaresi, Adolfo Tommasi, Vittorio Corcos, Alfredo Muller, John Bartolena, because their work is of such vital for Italian painting, requiring a large chapter.

Castiglioncello is still more than before and also art, entertainment, culture, Castiglioncello Festival lasts almost all year round and is in charge of maintaining ARMUNIA always on this hotbed of theater, music, debate on the big issues of Philosophy, Semiotics, Infants Education, Literature, Sculpture. The Etruscan Coast, Castiglioncello, a place, a place where life can still afford to move more slowly than elsewhere. The medieval villages, set against the rolling hills and rich in a thousand-year history, they have cobbled streets, churches, libraries, towered palaces, churches and castles, which are reviving a past time that seems so close here. At their feet the sea which is the heart of the Etruscan Coast and that is your constant companion. He lives in the history of this area, in its landscapes, sunsets colors and perfumes the air.

 

It 'a sea alive and vital, populated by wildlife pregiata.Le beaches come in the pine forests and groves of lime trees and tamarisk, whose aromas perfume the air and mingle with the smell of salt.

And the Mediterranean, with the afternoon after that go to the beach is nearly touching the crystal clear sea.

All the beauty is at a stone's throw away, the oasis of Bolgheri and Magona, and the hills of Livorno, protected areas, wildlife refuges populated by rare and precious species, a campaign full of colors and scents: Coast of the Etruscans nature, salvagurdata and protected, not only setting, but the essence of this land.

 

Olive groves, holm oaks and cork oaks, chestnut trees, are crossed by paths that lead to embroidery villages,

ancient monuments, but also to the city of Pisa, Volterra, San Gimignano, Siena, Arezzo, Florence, and then to hamlets such as Bolgheri, Bibbona, Donoratico, Massa Marittima, Calci.

In the fertile countryside, which stretches from the sea to the hill slopes, unravels the wine road, illuminated by the sun filtering through the trees and shines the vineyards, a journey of the senses and the soul.

E 'in Bolgheri which was founded in 1970, Sassicaia, not just a wine but one of the legends of the world.

In just twenty years in this area there has been a boom in the production of wine of excellent quality.

That area was marginal throughout the long range of hills between Castiglioncello Piombino, has become the place of the apotheosis of Italian wine, taking in tow all the other products of this land, honey, extra virgin olive oil.

 

And in this land of the Maremma, where there are three names for the Wine of Origin (Montescudaio - Bolgheri - Val Di Cornia), gastronomy is an ancient art that finds nourishment in the quality of local products and in the imagination of cooks, giving rise to real places of worship for gourmets from all over the world to rediscover the flavors and tastes forgotten

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Despite Cecina is a small town rather recently, on its territory have been unearthed ancient artifacts from various eras (the Palaeolithic, the Etruscan, Roman), whose testimonies can be admired in the eighteenth-century villa of the "Fifty" a museum of Etruscan-Roman and an ethnographic museum easily accessible through an avenue there joins the sea at San Pietro in Palazzi. Of particular historical interest is all that remains of the Roman villa of San Vincenzino. On the remains of this villa, where you can see the foundations, mosaics and an underground cistern, stands a villa with its interesting archaeological exhibitions

 

The tree belt that extends north and south of Marina di Cecina, between Vada and Bibbona, and occupies a total area of ​​400 acres stretching along the coast for more than 15 km, is the Biogenetic Nature Reserve Tomboli Cecina . This important botanical complex owes its birth to the Grand Duke of Tuscany, Leopold II, who in 1839 ordered its creation to complete the reclamation of the swamp that stretched around the Cecina River.

Between the sea and the pine forests from Vada to Bibbona

From the center of Vada we head towards the resort area, but shortly before reaching it, turn left on the paved road that runs not far dall'arenile. Continue this for about 3 miles until you reach the paved road to Mill Fire. On this turn right shortly after coming to a clearing. Here, take Forest Road, a nice track closed to cars by rail that goes into the pine forest. After about 1 km paved and leads the way back, after overcoming a barrier, to cross another road on which you turn right coming to the beach. Keeping along the margins of the latter, you ride hard until you find, on the left, an opening specially crafted application that allows you to regain access to the pine forest. This goes completely crossed keeping as much as possible parallel to the coast line up to meet the asphalt road, on the right, go over bridge to overcome the Cecina River entering in Marina di Cecina.

From the bridge, turn left, you can reach Cecina, village built near the mouth of the river. The town was born in the nineteenth century, when the whole area was reclaimed from the marshes that once characterized much of the coast of Tuscany and Lazio. In the old town is definitely worth a visit to the villa Cinquantina, home of the Etruscan-Roman museum.

Who does not want to reach Cecina, immediately after the bridge turn right and cross the road coming Cecina Mare seafront. Follow it towards Bibbona until the road, come to the edge of town does not make a sharp left turn heading towards the pine forest. At this point we leave the asphalt road to the right to take a dirt road that is also in the pine forest rincrociando, shortly after, the asphalt. On this, turn right and after 100 meters you find, always to the right, a big wooden gate with a side opening for the passage of pedestrians and cyclists. Past the gate you enter the beautiful Biogenetic Reserve of Tombolos of Cecina, in the pine forest that has its strong point. He begins to walk a wide dirt track that shortly after arriving at the starting point of several hiking trails.

In the southern part of the Pineta di Cecina, in addition to some rest areas have been set up some routes marked with stamps of different colors depending on the length (these are also frequented by hikers, so caution is advised). The wooden arrows to follow are the ones with the green stamp, arrows soon to invite you to abandon the cart to turn right on a beautiful trail made from soft pine needles.

Gradually you get closer to the sea thus arriving to the area with interesting coastal dunes. Coastal dunes are colonized sandy undulations and, in practice, cemented by herbaceous vegetation resistant to salt. The dunes are a real rarity for Italian shores since the tourist facilities have resulted in, a large part of the Tyrrhenian coast, the disappearance of this natural protective barrier.

Always follow the green arrows after about 6.5 km you will reach the limits of the pine trees, close to Marina di Bibbona. Near the village of Marina di Bibbona, a few meters from the shore, you can admire the imposing fort of Bibbona, built in Medicean. Pedalling along the beach then you can observe interesting specimens of Phoenician juniper and swamps formed along the estuary of the pit Camilla.

At this point you can begin your journey back to Marina di Cecina, the path that runs along the easy track which passes completely through the pine forest. In this way you can from the gate that gives access to the pine forest, and Marina di Cecina and back across the bridge over the Cecina. From here on, just follow the asphalt to return to Vada.

The Roman villa of S. Vincenzino in Cecina.

 

Along the coast of 'northern Etruria, in what was once the territory of Volterra, numerous villas were built in Roman times, chosen as the residence with attached bottom, by the characters of illustrious rank.

This is the case of the Roman villa of S. Vincenzino. The archaeological complex, located on a natural relief of the land, near the modern town of Cecina, and skirted to the north by the river of the same name, not far from its outlet to the sea, while behind him ran the coastal road that connected Rome to Pisa and Liguria.

Known since the eighteenth century, it is traditionally attributed to the property of Albino Cecina, a member of the noble family of Volterra Caecina, who was praefectus urbi in 415 AD, based on the account of the journey of the Latin poet Rutilius Namaziano that here he found shelter and hospitality.

If you can not confirm the attribution to the owner, which now marks the place name in ancient maps and pilot books, often called "Villa Albini," there is no doubt that it is a building of considerable importance, divided into sectors different destination, which experienced subsequent amendments of use in the large historical period in which he lived (from the first century BC to the fifth century AD).

The first plant building, built on the model of urban villa with rooms spread over porch areas and gardens, was built in conjunction with the large water system consists of a large underground cistern that was used to supply the villa, exceptional complex still intact and can be visited, which extends in a series of tunnels equipped with a system for filtering and purifying water. In connection with the surface structures, a series of wells annular allowed to draw water.

Definitely added in the imperial era advanced (II-III century AD) are other buildings, such as the Terme district, consisting of the canonical series of rooms intended for bathrooms are accented with a remarkable architectural and sculptural decoration, and the big summer triclinium with nymph not served by the water system original. In this context, stands the discovery of a headless statue, in very fine alabaster representation of Isis.

At a later stage (III century AD.) Then a belongs to a productive sector for the pressing of the olives, which are the remains of the mill and a millstone, and structures for the processing of oil, which obliterates part of the environments of residence of the villa. Much of the archaeological remains and the complex can now be visited in the area of ​​the tank are arranged Park.

 

Quick guide for the search of its solutions for holidays in Cecina.

 

Those who approach the idea of ​​spending his holidays in Cecina will need to consult a guide to find hotels Hotels Cecina Cecina Cecina or Hotels.

 

The Italianists prefer to look for hotels or hotels on the Tuscan coast in Tuscany.

 

For those in search of the substance and a room can be enough rooms or rooms holiday accommodation Tuscany Coast Tuscany or even rooms for rent Tuscany should be appropriate search terms as well as rooms Cecina.

 

It should however consider that Cecina is situated on the Etruscan Coast, which is in fact in Tuscany sea, and the Coast Tuscany is unique in the world.

Then refer to the Help in the Tuscan coast hotels will be well oriented to the voice holidays Tuscan coast and search for hotels in the fen or, if you prefer, hotels Tuscany Coast.

 

Given that in recent years tourism has largely shown a preference for solutions besides housing type hotel, residences Cecina, Cecina holiday apartments, holiday apartments in the Tuscan coastline, have become frequent rumors of research on texts related tourism guide the Tuscan coast.

 

The search for residence on the Tuscan Coast could be profitable since the topic is more general summer holiday in Tuscany, apartments for rent, seaside tuscany, holidays on the sea.

 

It is not to be neglected even the search for rooms Donoratico, after all we are talking about Tuscany Italy, holiday apartment Tuscany, someone with more economic means looking Cecina villa or villa rentals Tuscany coast Cecina.

 

Then there is the chapter of the holiday apartment very popular among couples and even by couples with a baby. Studios for rent Tuscany is therefore a search term very profitable, as well as studios or studio Cecina Tuscany holidays.

 

For those who opted for a specific area such as the Etruscan Coast Cecina or in a particular way, it will be well to remember that the search terms to be extended in Cecina studios besides vacation rental Tuscany Tuscany or even sea or farm Cecina

 

It is also for this second chapter as previously said about the Etruscan Coast, then in reading pamphlets about Cecina or even where to sleep only to be sought in Tuscany or type the entries Donoratico residences, apartments Cecina, hotels or even Cecina Cecina hotels.

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The ruins of the high tower Donoratico dominate a large stretch of the Tyrrhenian coast. Surrounded by the scant remains of the two walls which enveloped her, from the foundations of the ancient church and other buildings castrense recently come to light [last archaeological excavations are still in what remains of the ancient castle built by the Counts of Donoratico, Della gherardesca. Since the mid-1100 became their privileged seat. The function of the castle was to defend this part of the coast from the bloody incursions of the Saracens, pirates and enemies of the Republic of Pisa before and during the 1400's, then Fiorentina.

The discovery of pottery and a defensive circuit 'Cyclopean' [that is built with large blocks of stone], in addition to the presence of the same period tombs carved into the rock of the terraces underlying test the presence of this hill fortress of an important and extensive Etruscan . The first explicit mention of a fortified settlement dating back to 1176, but the existence of the castle is certainly older and it seems, thanks to the dating of artifacts found during excavations belonging to a settlement prior to the wooden castle of stone, dates back even before the X century.

The first city walls of stone that runs along the edge of the summit of the hill, of which there are many stretches south-west and south-east, from the second half of the eleventh century. The stone was used inside the enclosure for the construction of the church, provided with a single nave and expanded in the next century. During the twelfth century it was first built as a fortified tower used by the Gherardesca, with wooden floors and a vaulted brick, near the church along with new walls, taller and thicker, which are still some sections intact - on the slopes west and east - and the original front door to the north. The summit area was enclosed in a second ring fortified with a single entrance open down the stretch southwest. Even the church was enlarged and embellished. In the following century was built a new tower leaning against the existing one. Between the fourteenth and fifteenth century were carried out actions aimed at strengthening the existing structures, building in some parts of the scarp walls leaning against the wall circuit, but also began the abandonment of the first houses. The core of the castle was blown up in 1447 by the army of King Alfonso of Aragon during his descent in Maremma.

Even today, the main tower rises for all its primitive height with fully intact perimeter side and part of the south east and west. On the east side of this tower is another structure whose sides and openings are still legible. The two buildings are one of the most important examples of medieval architecture in this area and formed the residence. Of the village, distributed concentrically along the terraces below, are identifiable in the vegetation and in spite of the massive collapse, remains belonging to buildings that constituted it. During the recent excavations have brought to light terracotta floors and stone, the outer walls of the church and some of its square columns aisle.

 

The first explicit mention of a "castrum" dates back to 1176, but the memory of "domains of Donoratico" already in 1161 is assumed that the existence of the castle is the oldest.

The church castrense is documented in the twelfth century, while that of S. Columba, attested since the eleventh century among the possessions of St. Peter Monteverdi, was located, as shown by an act of 1263, "iusta castrum in plano ipsius castrate."

Some acts of the second half of the twelfth century testify to the presence of rights in the stately castle among different subjects: a branch of the Counts Gherardeschi and the monastery of St. Peter in Palazzuolo

From the second half of the twelfth century the settlement became the seat of the most important branch of privileged accounts Gherardeschi, which later took the name from the castle. In 1270 the castle was occupied by Donoratico accounts Biserno, rebels to the municipality of Pisa and supported by the forces of Guelph and Angevin. In this period, next to the summit area there was a "burgus", index of a certain consistency demic settlement. During the fifteenth century, as the neighboring towns and the castle Donoratico passes under the dominion of Florence in conjunction with the gradual abandonment of areas neighboring settlement

In the summit rises for all its primitive height of a tower which preserves completely the perimeter side and part of the south east and west. Immediately adjacent to the east side of this tower is another turreted structure whose sides and their openings are still legible. The two buildings, dating from the twelfth and fourteenth century and which represent one of the most important examples of medieval architecture in this area, were part of the settlement of the manor.

Based on a structure that is repeated in all the castles of this area the settlement was in fact made up of a summit area, where there were the stately buildings and a village below, the underlying distributed concentrically along the terraces and defended by a walls in stone. In its turn, the area was surrounded by elegant another defensive circuit, as in the case of this castle, right near where the towers described above are clearly visible remains of the walls and the door that led into the area high.

Traces instead of the defensive circuit of the village are recognizable on the slopes west, east and north where it still retains one of the main gates to the castle.

Among the vegetation, despite the massive crashes, it also recognizes the trend of many walls belonging to probable buildings that made up the village.

During the excavations 2000 and 2001, in the summit area were opened four areas (1000 - 2000 - 4000 to 5000) within the original area and the elegant terraces to the west of the latter.

At the same time, work has begun excavation of two large areas (3000 - 7000) located at the back portion of the south-west and south-east internal wall circuit at the space originally occupied by the village.

These activities followed by the cleaning of the undergrowth at the area south-east of the village aims to bring to light the evidence walls are not covered with soil deposits, later placed in the general relief of the settlement.

The deposit excavated so far revealed a complex stratigraphic sequence on a chronological period between IV-III century BC and fifteenth centuries.

 

Quick guide for the search of its solutions for holidays in Donoratico.

Those who approach the idea of ​​spending his holidays in Donoratico will need to consult a guide to find hotels Donoratico Donoratico hotels or hotels Donoratico.

 

The Italianists prefer to look for hotels or hotels on the Tuscan coast in Tuscany.

 

It should however consider that Donoratico is located on the Etruscan Coast, which is in fact in Tuscany sea, and the Coast Tuscany is unique in the world.

Then refer to the Help in the Tuscan coast hotels will be well oriented to the voice holidays Tuscan coast and search for hotels in the fen or, if you prefer, hotels Tuscany Coast.

 

Given that in recent years tourism has largely shown a preference for solutions besides housing type hotel, residences Donoratico Donoratico apartments, holiday apartments in the Tuscan coastline, have become frequent rumors of research on texts related tourism guide the Tuscan coast.

 

It is also for this second chapter as previously said about the Etruscan Coast, then in reading pamphlets about Donoratico or even where to sleep only to be sought in Tuscany or type the entries residence Donoratico Donoratico apartments, hotels or hotels Donoratico Donoratico.

 

The search for residence on the Tuscan Coast could be profitable since the topic is more general summer holiday in Tuscany, apartments for rent, seaside tuscany, holidays on the sea.

 

For those who opted for a specific area such as the Etruscan Coast or Donoratico in a particular way, it will be well to remember that the search terms to be extended to Donoratico studios besides vacation rental Tuscany Tuscany or even sea or farm Donoratico.

 

Then there is the chapter of the holiday apartment very popular among couples and even by couples with a baby. Studios for rent Tuscany is therefore a search term very profitable, as well as studio apartments or houses Tuscany Donoratico.

 

For those in search of the substance and a room can be enough rooms or rooms holiday accommodation Tuscany Coast Tuscany or even rooms for rent Tuscany should be appropriate search terms as well as rooms Donoratico.

 

Finally, not least, we must remember 's Farm or Tuscany Farmhouses Tuscany.

 

So let's look at farm Donoratico.

 

It is not to be neglected even the search for rooms Donoratico, after all we are talking about Tuscany Italy, holiday apartment Tuscany, someone with more economic means looking Donoratico villa or villa for holiday Donoratico Tuscan coast.

Florence, city of art par excellence, born in Florence great names such as Dante, Boccaccio, Machiavelli and Galileo Galilei. Florence has also been graced by the works of Michelangelo, Brunelleschi, Botticelli, Donatello and Giotto.

Anyone visiting Florence is never left disappointed! This is due to a cultural and artistic heritage almost unique in Europe and in the world, which has its base in the Middle Ages and the Renaissance in its heyday. Florence, along with Rome, are the history of our civilization. In Florence, in the fifteenth century, were postte the basics to revive art and culture. Here, thanks to writers such as Dante, Petrarch, and Machiavelli was born the Italian culture and language. Artists such as Botticelli, Michelangelo and Donatello made one of the artistic capitals of the world.

 

SOME 'OF HISTORY

 

Florence was founded in 59 BC by the Romans, who named Florentia.Si note the "cardo maximus" in the current Via Strozzi, Via degli Speziali and Via del Corso, and the "decumanus" Calimala in the street, Via Roma, Via Por Santa Maria . In the Piazza della Repubblica was the Forum. During the imperial period the city saw increasing its wealth, became a shopping center where there were craftsmen in the workshops, which then make the famous Florence. During the barbarian invasions, the city suffered many sieges by the Ostrogoths, the Byzantines and the Goths of Totila. Since the invasion of the Lombards at the first mention of a Duke in the city, the people gathered around the Bishops, in fact at that time they build monasteries, which became centers of culture and business. It was conquered by the Lombards in the sixth century, and only later the city emerged from the mists of the Middle Ages as a city-state indipendente.Quando the Lombards were defeated by the Franks, the Duke was replaced by Count. The Counts were succeeded by the Marquis, one should remember the admiration of the people of Florence for the Countess Matilda in 1085 that armed himself against Henry IV, and guaranteed to the town half a century of wise policy. He reached the highest heights of splendor between the eleventh and fifteenth centuries, becoming one of the major centers of power in Italy, a balance between the authority of the Emperors and Popes, overcoming the problems of internal fighting between the Guelphs and Ghibellines. In the fifteenth century Florence came under the rule of the Medici family, wealthy banking dynasty that later became the Grand Dukes of Tuscany. Florence and throughout Tuscany remained under the rule of the Medici family for three centuries. It was just that the heyday of the city, from the point of view of artistic, cultural, political and economic. The city grew in a frightening way. Painters, sculptors and architects filled streets, churches and buildings with the greatest works of the Renaissance. The Grand Duchy of the Medicis was succeeded, in the eighteenth century, that of Lorraine, until 1860, the year in which Tuscany became part of the Kingdom of Italy of which Florence was the capital from 1865 to 1871.

FLORENCE, 1000-1300

 

The city of Florence in the XI and XII expands and went to the south, on the right bank of the Arno. Over the river rose the first villages, and then in 1172 they built a second wall. Within the first wall, the urban fabric was very thick, consisting mainly of case-towers, however, between the first and second wall construction was much more sparse and regular, consisting of terraced houses. Between the twelfth and thirteenth century, the city increased its sales force, the core of this force is made by artisans, blacksmiths, shoemaker, of the goldsmiths, with particular development in the processing of wool. At the end of 1100 the city had reached its municipal autonomy. In the thirteenth century the government was made by the Consuls, with the help of Citizens Advice. Those who held power in the higher classes were chosen accordingly rivalry arose between the richest families. The families were brought together in alliances, this condition goes under the company name of the towers, the houses grew in height, if they became a fortress and by movable bridges, allied families, formed a system of towers easily defensible. The condition of the company town imposed an architecture of houses elongated vertically, with narrow openings, holes and brackets for the beams of the movable bridges. The discord between the major families became more and more severe until the formation of two parties, the Guelphs that loyal to the Pope hostile to the Emperor, and Ghibellines, loyal to the Emperor hostile to the Pope At first the Ghibellines had the upper hand, but the Their success was short and in 1250 the Guelphs returned to power. The City had a sort consists of the Signoria and the city enjoyed a period of great prosperity. In this period, the treaties of alliance with Lucca, Siena, Arezzo and purchases of Volterra, San Gimignano, Poggibonsi. All this wealth did rekindle the conflict between the Guelphs and Ghibellines, and after a short period of Ghibelline domain, the Guelphs resumed power and finally claimed their rule over the city. Great importance was divided into major and minor guilds, among the major arts were the Arte della Lana, that of Calimala, one of the Judges and Notaries, Physicians and Apothecaries, which brought wealth and prosperity in the city. At the end of the thirteenth century, is defined as the political and religious center of the city, with the construction of the Cathedral of Santa Maria del Fiore and Palazzo Vecchio. The triumph of the people, also led to the triumph of his tongue "vulgar", which is stated as written and spoken language, because of all the dialects was the most harmonious. With the wealth was the desire to make the city more beautiful, have the first Florentine personalities such as Cimabue, Gaddo Gaddi for painting, Arnolfo di Cambio for sculpture, and announced the genius of Dante and Giotto. There is a plethora of churches: S. Michele Visdomini, SS. Apostles, St. Nicholas, Santa Margherita Sopr'Arno, which will be added to the Baptistery and the church of Santa Reparata.

Florence, 1300-1400

 

In the first half of the fourteenth century there are very important events for the social and economic life of Florence. Under the pressure of the growth phase, there were many plants of new towns, in fact the Walled Terre Florence, were intended to support the choices of the local political formations, taking the leadership. At the beginning of the century the urban fabric of the city and the development lines developed in the previous century do not undergo modifications background. L 'last walls began in 1248, was completed in 1333, the circle included the towns and new industrial, religious, that were formed outside the doors of some of the existing roof, near the main road axes. Some of the new poles were born to the action carried out by various mendicant orders (Carmelites, Franciscans). These were orders from time settled in the vicinity of the previous circle, along the main routes: Via Romana, the paths towards the Valdarno, the way to the area of ​​Prato - Pistoia, the way to Mugello and passes towards Bologna. In addition to these settlements along the circle you had settlements of a patrician, who had created important changes in the urban fabric. Then you notice a rise of new building types. The phenomenon was due especially to the richest families, who had strong interests in the countryside. Other changes occur in the area within the ancient circle of 1078, particularly in the area around the market. These interventions require a readjustment of the city to the new functional requirements and especially the image. This century is characterized by different lines of transformation of the urban fabric. Large families were the protagonists of the aggregation properties of the building, and typological transformations. In these classes we owe the creation of hospitals, charitable religious. The rules were issued by the Judiciary and bodies of the Municipality, and took care of the line referred to the initiatives of the public, so the places intended for public representation and the city's infrastructure. Another line of transformation was that of the new building initiatives, the promoters were generally religious bodies or other corporations, such as the Arts The building type was that of houses arranged next to each other, located on lots with front road greatly reduced. The Florence of this century was renewed with respect to the thirteenth century, but the pattern of operation was always the same. The urban fabric was configured according to a hierarchical conception and in its parts, which in its functions, and then reflected the hierarchical structure of the institutions of the time. After that was completed last walls, the territory was divided into four districts, each district was divided into four banners. In the oldest, the one around the Old Market, there were the residences and shops of many ancient families, as well as major political offices. In particular, had settled the premises of the Arts principal. This is then presented as a very saturated, characterized by a street fabric minute, and a housing very thickened. In the confined space of the oldest part of the city, were opposed to the squares around the Cathedral and the Baptistery. A fabric was more contrasted between the band occupied by the penultimate circle and the circuit last circle. In this area the plot very dense houses and small shops, were the great monastic buildings or religious mendicant orders of the Franciscans and Dominicans. The towers were frequent in this part of town, some of which were incorporated in other buildings. In correspondence with small squares were the Lodges who welcomed meetings, becoming a standard in the relations of Florentine life. In the center of the city there were many construction sites, aimed at creating works of prestige, because continuing the work of the Cathedral (Santa Maria del Fiore), where it works is that the Talents Giotto, the Campanile of the Cathedral. Next to the cathedral were built, the church of Orsanmichele, the Loggia del Bigallo, working at the Loggia del Mercato, the Loggia dei Lanzi was redone the Dominican church of Santa Maria Novella, and the Franciscan Santa Croce, Palazzo del Podesta (the Bargello), the system Piazza Signoria. It also worked to Carraia Bridge and Old Bridge (rebuilt in 1345). An important feature was that the presence of shops on the bridges (now remained only on Ponte Vecchio). The work of architectural renovation of the city, were assigned to Arnolfo di Cambio, thanks to him the Gothic style, popular in Europe by the Order Cluniac, acquires a balanced character, mediating with the Romanesque style manages to get in buildings, both civil and religious, an example of Gothic solemn, with bursts of content and harmonious. The city was splitting into two distinct parts: a more centrally located to the north of the river, the other outer lying around the first. The course of the Arno functioned as the backbone for the whole city, in fact there were excavations river, mills, fulling mills, was also an important source to pick up gravel and sand for construction. The clear articulation between parts of the city not to be found in the distribution of classes in the urban fabric of the city. The upper classes were not above the contact with the subordinate classes, the social fabric was mixed, next to the palace of the noble was flanked by the workshops, the craftsmen's workshops. At the end of the century we are increasingly close links between the citizens of Florence and the countryside. The landscape is modified by the interest of its citizens to invest in residences outside the city and the landscape takes on the appearance built and designed that has so captured the imagination of visitors.

FLORENCE, 1400

 

The fifteenth century is for the city of Florence, a moment of recovery, both economic and cultural. The glory that you have given life to these new impulses, which then express the concept of rebirth, renewal of art, which will give birth to the Renaissance, goes all the city, which becomes the focus of this cultural movement. The Renaissance since its first phase of training, around the beginning of the fifteenth century, develops new issues, approaching the ancient with the spirit of innovation. The movement appears to be closely connected with the new Florentine merchant class, and just the new class, consisting of the families of the Picts, the Rucellai, the Medici, Strozzi, become promoters of the new culture and the new architectural taste. The Medici family, first with Cosimo the Elder, then with Lorenzo the Magnificent, he collaborates with artists, philosophers, studying fervently that the real debug a conception of 'man that expresses the desires of the new Signoria. As part of the culture of the Florentine Renaissance, Cosimo the Elder, who was the head of this great renewal movement, protecting the artists, encourages building initiatives and artistic useful to the city. In his dwellings met the Platonic Academy, Cosimo and after him Giuliano and Lorenzo were an active part in the debates, discussing good governance and art. Great fervor took place in the literary field, with Poggio Bracciolini, Coluccio Salutati, in philosophy, with Marsilio Ficino renewing the Platonic Academy at Careggi, we find in the architecture, Filippo Brunelleschi, followed by Michelozzo Michelozzo, Leon Battista Alberti, Bernardo Rossellini , Giuliano da Majano, Giuliano da San Gallo. Stimulation of this of this work is the study of 'art, culture and the Greek and Roman philosophy, studied scientifically. The artist will use traditional techniques, with a new consciousness, trying to deepen the investigation into the nature of reality and then the Renaissance artist, following this path, it works by combining the art scientific knowledge, which becomes common matrix , from which the artist can not be separated. Nature and art, they become two important factors, the knowledge of reality presupposes the study and knowledge of new media, the artist will be in perspective, perspective, which becomes an instrument of knowledge to measure and reproduce reality. These new studies will give splendid results in the fields of painting and sculpture, and will form the basis of the greatest works of painting, architecture and sculpture. In architecture the new studies are answered in the work of Brunelleschi, Donatello and Masaccio with, a key figure of the Florentine Renaissance. His masterpiece is the dome of St. Maria del Fiore, which summarizes its activities in a comprehensive manner. In addition to the Dome, working at the Ospedale degli Innocent, the Old Sacristy of San Lorenzo, around 1423, the Church of San Lorenzo, the church of S. Spirit in 1436. Between 1429 and 1443, directed the work of the Pazzi Chapel, Brunelleschi was the creator of the classic Renaissance palace in Florence, Palazzo Pitti is an example. The new mercantile society, is revealed in the elegant and robust architecture of the mansion. We have initiatives of groups fixing power in areas not central residences, too, for the greater ease of finding areas in the outer zones of the fabric of the city. You therefore have important consequences for urban planning, projected towards the affirmation of the desire of the leadership group, and enter the phase involving the new types of Renaissance palaces. The buildings that are built tend to define a type of regular building, with a square plan, an inner courtyard with columns. Palazzo Medici, Palazzo Pitti, Palazzo Strozzi, Rucellai Palace, are the new buildings that reflect the assertion of the wealth and power of the leading Florentine families.

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The second of the "Three common", located on the crest of a spine running parallel to the sea. And 'animated by lively activities and village has a theater of the last century. In the older part still shows traces of the earthquake of 1846.

The name Guardistallo before Gualdistallo is of undoubted Lombard origin. The first human settlements, documented by archaeological finds, have been traced back to the prehistoric period. Finds axes and knives of stone and bronze, burials took place according to the rite of interment in a crouched position, testify to a human presence Guardistallo 4-5 thousand years before Christ. The finds are in the prehistoric section of the Archaeological Museum of Florence.

The castle of Guardistallo was under the dominion of the Counts of Gherardesca, branch Montescudaio, about the year one thousand until the fall of the Republic of Pisa in Florence in 1406, when it became a municipality. The statutes were drawn up together with those of Montescudaio and earned for both countries, many magistrates were unique. In 1447, like many other castles of the Val di Cecina, was occupied by the troops of Alfonso of Aragon, King of Naples, which destroyed most of the houses and buildings. However, remained standing in the keep of the castle of Auditors, which was shot down only by the earthquake of 1846.

Missing news on the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, we only know that in 1551 Guardistallo had 428 inhabitants.

In 1739 the territory was incorporated in the estate of the Marquis Carlo Ginori composed of the territories of Cecina, Riparbclla, Farmhouse and part of Bibbona.In those years from the coastal plain spread malaria that made many victims, including in countries hills and thick woods that prevented ventilation contributed to aggravate the situation. In 1742, the Targioni Tozzetti visited the country and described it thus: "Guardistallo was already huge castle, but today has suffered a lot and there are many ruins [...]. Has the nearby woods and has very good water. He is, however, true that anyone who does not have to beat the plain in the Summer, you bell and very healthy. "From the coastal plain in fact spread malaria that made many victims, including in countries hills and thick woods that prevented the ventilation were aggravating the disease. In 1745 Guardistallo had 415 inhabitants and was not increased compared to 200 years ago, but even that had suffered sharp decline of the population that is found in many other towns in the area at this time.

After the dissolution of the feudal system and the redistribution of land in the sphere of agrarian reform Leopoldina is also formed in Guardistallo, starting from 1776, a new class of wealthy landowners who favored the development of agriculture and subsequent growth of the country in Guardistallo 1833 had 1,140 inhabitants.

On 14 August 1846 the countries of the Tuscan coast were struck by a violent earthquake that struck in a few moments houses, palaces, churches and towers. Much of the medieval castles in the area between Casale, Volterra and Pisa was destroyed on that occasion. Guardistallo, along with Orciano VaI in Tora, was the country that reported the most damage. 70% of homes were destroyed and part of the castle, the highest in the country, was completely ruined: the keep of the castle with surrounding homes, the church with the bell tower and the cemetery were reduced to a pile of rubble. 117 families were left homeless.

In his book Story of Tremoto, published in Pisa in the same 1846 Leopoldo Pilla describes the situation of the country: "When you say that the earthquake of 14 August reduced the country of Guardistallo into a heap of ruins, nothing left to add. Not a house, not a roof was almost saved by the whirlwind that art does not demolish. [...) And yet, in the midst of such upheaval, among many extended mine that country does not matter that the death of an only child. Amazing what! [...] The huts were badly costrutte from top to bottom nabissate. [...] The (Franceschi home) had all the boxes in front of the wall collapsed and strapiombato in its upper part in a frightful manner, but standing. [...] A young man gave Guardistallo have proof of great courage in the occasion that you had appuntellare that wall to prevent its fall to finish smashing the neighboring houses.

After the earthquake there is a phase of reconstruction and expansion of the country. In 1870 the new church was built on the side of the town facing the sea and almost contemporary is the construction of Villa Elena, residential house of Marchionneschi, one of the most important families of Guardistallo. In 1883 they built the Marchionneschi even a theater, a place of recreation for the rich families of the district and the expression of their wealth. E 'with reference to these times and reminder of the elegance of the life of his lords, that Guardistallo was also called "the little Paris" and its inhabitants were known as "Longstocking".

At the end of World War II, in 1944, the retreating German army put in place a fierce retaliation in response to guerrilla actions that took place in the area. Sixty-three people, including women, boys, many of the displaced and the mayor, elected just the day before, were captured, brought out of the country and shot. A second massacre of another 120 people were prevented at the last moment only by the courageous intervention of the parish priest, Don Bunch Rafanelli. The site of the massacre, along the road to Cecina, is marked by a memorial and the day of the massacre, on June 29, is commemorated every year with a procession. Ever since the war the number of the inhabitants of Guardistallo is declining and the last census fell below the threshold of 1,000: 936 souls from country to campaign against 1,002 in 1981.Oggi the country is geared mainly towards tourism.

 

Taken from the Guide to the Val di Cecina, curated by Susanne Mordhorst, New Image Publishing

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Follonica is a beautiful seaside town in the province of Grosseto, overlooking the magnificent sea of Tuscany.

Famous for good hospitality and its sandy beach, combining the good liveliness of the town with the pure sea, named Blue Flag for several consecutive years.

 

The reception is based on a number of Hotels, Residences, Apartments and Bed and Breakfast.

Particularly popular with families for the tranquility of the place and the sea is always calm and goes down very slowly.

 

source : www.follonica.com